{"id":2438,"date":"2013-07-29T12:16:32","date_gmt":"2013-07-29T04:16:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/rmohan.com\/?p=2438"},"modified":"2013-07-29T13:16:31","modified_gmt":"2013-07-29T05:16:31","slug":"dns-2012-server","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mohan.sg\/?p=2438","title":{"rendered":"DNS 2012 SERVER"},"content":{"rendered":"

DNS Zone Types
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

I know DNS has been one of the boring topics. However, you should know that without DNS Active Directory has no existence, AD always needs a DNS in environment for its complete operations. Knowing DNS in and out can help you a lot to troubleshoot many name resolution and AD related problems.<\/p>\n

DNS topic starts with one of the core concept called zones. It\u2019s like some virtual division of authority for respective areas. In each zone there would a DNS to take care of all name resolution operations.<\/p>\n

The table below lists the types of DNS zones:<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Zone Type<\/strong><\/td>\nDescription<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Primary<\/td>\nThe primary <\/em>zone is the master copy of a zone database.<\/p>\n
    \n
  • The primary zone is the only writeable copy of the zone database.<\/li>\n
  • Changes to the zone can only be made to the primary zone.<\/li>\n
  • The server that holds the primary zone is called a primary server<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  • Each zone can have only a single primary zone server.<\/li>\n
  • Zone data is stored in a text file.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Secondary<\/td>\nA secondary <\/em>zone is a read-only copy of the zone database.<\/p>\n
    \n
  • Changes cannot be made to the records in a secondary zone.<\/li>\n
  • A server that holds a secondary zone is called a secondary server<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  • Secondary servers copy zone data from other servers through a process called\u00a0zone transfer<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  • Secondary servers can copy zone data from the primary server or other secondary servers.<\/li>\n
  • Zone data is stored in a text file.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Active Directory- integrated<\/td>\nAn Active Directory-integrated zone holds zone data in Active Directory instead of a text file.<\/p>\n
    \n
  • Active Directory-integrated zones are multi-master zones, meaning that changes to the zone information can be made by multiple servers. Multiple servers hold read-write copies of the zone data.<\/li>\n
  • Only DNS servers that are domain controllers can host Active Directory- integrated zones.<\/li>\n
  • Storing zone data in Active Directory provides automatic replication, fault tolerance, and distributed administration of DNS data.<\/li>\n
  • Replication of zone data occurs during Active Directory replication and is secured by Kerberos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n
    Stub<\/td>\nA stub <\/em>zone is a zone with only a partial copy of the zone database.<\/p>\n
      \n
    • The stub zone only contains information about the name servers that are authoritative for the zone; it does not contain information for other hosts.<\/li>\n
    • A stub zone is not <\/em>authoritative for the zone; its purpose is to identify the name servers that can be contacted for full zone information.<\/li>\n
    • The stub zone is dynamic, meaning that it will keep the list of name servers for the zone updated automatically.<\/li>\n
    • Use a stub zone to forward name requests based on zones while keeping name server lists updated automatically.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    GlobalNames<\/td>\nThe GlobalNames zone is a special zone in the DNS database that is used for single- label name resolution. Use the GlobalNames zone to:<\/p>\n
      \n
    • \u00a0Allow clients to use simple host names without domain information for name resolution. For example, to contact a server named sales<\/strong>.us.habib.com<\/strong>, users could simply enter the single-label name sales<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
    • \u00a0Allow DNS clients to contact NetBIOS-only hosts without the need for a WINS\u00a0server.<\/li>\n
    • \u00a0Allow IPv6-only hosts to contact NetBIOS hosts (IPv6 does not support the use of WINS).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Be aware of the following when using the GlobalNames zone:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u00a0 When users enter a single-label name, the client computer first tries to resolve the name using DNS and the search suffix configuration. If that process fails, the GlobalNames zone is checked (if it exists).<\/li>\n
      • \u00a0 Using the GlobalNames zone does not require any changes to client machines.<\/li>\n
      • \u00a0 Dynamic updates are not supported on the GlobalNames zone. You must manually create each record in the GlobalNames zone.<\/li>\n
      • \u00a0 Use the GlobalNames zone to replace WINS servers on your network only when you have a small number of hosts that do not support DNS. For a large\u00a0number of NetBIOS-only hosts, or to support dynamic registration of single-label names, continue to use a WINS server.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        The zone types above describe the read-write capabilities and the storage location of zone data. In addition, zones are classified as one of two types:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • A forward lookup zone <\/em>provides hostname-to-IP address resolution. Clients query the DNS server with the hostname, and receive the IP address in return.<\/li>\n
        • A reverse lookup zone <\/em>provides IP address-to-hostname resolution. Clients query the DNS server with the IP address, and receive the hostname in return.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Quick Note – DNS Installation in Windows Server 2008<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Don\u2019t worry; I will explain the whole DNS installation with all the screen shot or videos in next posts. However, you should know the following facts about DNS installation in Windows Server 2008:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • To install DNS in Windows Server 2008, you must be a member of the Domain Admins group.<\/li>\n
          • You can install DNS on any version of Windows Server 2008 except for the Windows Server\u00a02008 Web Server edition.<\/li>\n
          • You must assign the DNS server a static (or fixed) IP address.<\/li>\n
          • To install DNS on a server, use Server Manager and add the DNS role. To add the DNS role from a command prompt (or on Server Core), run:\u00a0start \/w ocsetup DNS-Server-Core-Role<\/strong><\/li>\n
          • Run the oclist <\/strong>command to get a list of services (including DNS) installed on a server.<\/li>\n
          • Windows secondary servers can transfer data from non-Windows master servers, and vice versa, as long as the BIND versions are compatible. In some cases, Windows adds non-standard records or information to zone databases that make them incompatible with non-Windows DNS servers, especially servers running older versions of DNS.<\/li>\n
          • Use the DNS snap-in or the dnscmd <\/strong>command to manage DNS.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            DNS Zone Types <\/p>\n

            I know DNS has been one of the boring topics. However, you should know that without DNS Active Directory has no existence, AD always needs a DNS in environment for its complete operations. Knowing DNS in and out can help you a lot to troubleshoot many name resolution and AD related […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mohan.sg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2438"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mohan.sg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mohan.sg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mohan.sg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mohan.sg\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2438"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/mohan.sg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2438\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2440,"href":"https:\/\/mohan.sg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2438\/revisions\/2440"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mohan.sg\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2438"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mohan.sg\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2438"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mohan.sg\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}