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Debian give root password for maintenance lost password

In the event your Linux box experiences disk or file system issues you may receive a “Give root password for maintenance” prompt upon reboot. If you have your root password you can login but in the event your using ‘slide’ or ‘sudo’ for wheel access or you’ve just mis-placed your root password – you’ll need […]

LVM2: device filter and LVM metadata restore

LVM2: device filter and LVM metadata restore Customize LVM device filter to get rid of the annoying “/dev/cdrom: open failed” warning

##/dev/cdrom: open failed warning $pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/cdrom: open failed: Read-only file system $ vgcreate vg01 /dev/sdb1 /dev/cdrom: open failed: Read-only file system ##The error because LVM scan all device files by default, you can […]

Fix ShellShock Bash Vulnerability

With the announcement of the ShellShock Bash vulnerability last week it has caught news around the security updates. This is bug is being dubbed to be bigger than The Heartbleed Bug. Some interesting read about ShellShock can be found here.

Fix ShellShock Bash Vulnerability on CentOS – Test

Before you begin it’s better to test […]

Solved mount: special device /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 does not exist

Solved mount: special device /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 does not exist

There are times when using LVM you might come accross the error while mounting an LVM partition. The error that we are discussing here is mount: special device /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 does not exist.

[root@rmohan ~]# mount /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 /media/data

Output:

mount: special device /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 does not exist

Maybe in […]

DoS and DDoS attacks

Short definition : In computing, a denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) or distributed denial-of-service attack (DDoS attack) is an attempt to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users. Odli?an link.

How to detect them # netstat -ntu | awk ‘{print $5}’ |awk -F: ‘{print $(NF-1)}’| sort | uniq -c | sort -n|grep […]

GPG on Linux

GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG or GPG) is a GPL Licensed alternative to the PGP suite of cryptographic software. GnuPG is compliant with RFC 4880, which is the current IETF standards track specification of OpenPGP. Current versions of PGP (and Veridis’ Filecrypt) are interoperable with GnuPG and other OpenPGP-compliant systems.

Solution 1 – Encrypt with a […]

CentOS Remove Old Kernels

Tonight when upgrading a CentOS Linux server it was noted by YUM that 15MB more disk space was needed to upgrade grub and the kernel itself. Below are four quick steps to verify what kernels are installed, install yum-utils if it is not installed already, delete previous kernels and set YUM to remove old kernels […]

Linux Disk Caching & Performance with vm.dirty_ratio & vm.dirty_background_ratio

we talked about how the memory on a Linux guest is used for the OS itself (the kernel, buffers, etc.), applications, and also for file cache. File caching is an important performance improvement, and read caching is a clear win in most cases, balanced against applications using the RAM directly. Write caching is trickier. The […]

Releasing cached memory in Linux && Set swappiness

Releasing cached memory in Linux

Under normal circumstances, modern Linux systems try to cache into memory disk data that is accessed often. Sometimes, we have that much memory in the system that our kernel keeps filling up the memory by caching every piece of data we access.

Other times, because of the swappiness factor, active […]

CENTOS , FEDORA , RHEL 7 XFS FILE SYSTEM

XFS File System

What is XFS?

XFS is a highly scalable, high-performance file journalling file system which was originally designed at Silicon Graphics, Inc in 1993. Originally XFS was used on Silicon Graphics Inc’s own operating system Irix, however, it was later ported to the Linux kernel in 2001. Today XFS is supported by most […]